Railway track superstructure components such as rails, sleepers, fastenings, and ballast are prone to various defects. Traditionally, these defects were identified through visual inspections and other manual methods. However, with the increasing length of railway...
Introduction Multimodal logistics hubs, or “plateformes multimodales,” are crucial nodes in the global supply chain. They serve as strategic points where various modes of transportation—such as road, rail, sea, and air—converge to facilitate the efficient...
The global railway industry faces an ever-growing need for efficient, reliable, and safe operations. As rail networks expand and evolve, so too does the complexity of maintaining them. Traditionally, railway maintenance has been reactive, with issues addressed only...
